ContractorHandbook

2/12 Roof Pitch: Angle, Multiplier and What It Means

Angle

9.5 degrees

2 inches of rise for every 12 inches of run, over a 1,200 square foot footprint.

Between 2/12 and 4/12 most shingle manufacturers require a doubled underlayment or the warranty is void.

angle12 in of runrise, inmultiplierroot of (rise squared + 144) / 12 = multipliersame number as a degree angle and as a percent grade
Pitch, angle, grade and slope multiplier are four ways of saying one thing, and a drawing is the fastest way to see that. Everything on the page comes out of the same triangle: 12 inches of run along the bottom, the rise up the side.

How that number is worked out

These are the figures this page was built with and every line the calculator produces from them. Change anything above and all of it moves.

  • Rise2 in per 12 in run
  • Footprint area, 0 to skip1200 sq ft

Slope multiplier1.01 x footprint

Between 2/12 and 4/12 most shingle manufacturers require a doubled underlayment or the warranty is void.

Pitch2/12
Slope multiplier1.01 xmultiply footprint by this
Angle9.5 degrees
Grade16.7%
Rafter length per 12 ft of run12.17 ft
Roof surface for 1,200 sq ft footprint1,217 sq ft
That is12.2 squares

Pitch compared

The whole table, so you do not have to come back for the next one.

PitchSlope multiplierAngleGrade
2/121.01 x footprint9.5 degrees16.7%
3/121.03 x footprint14 degrees25%
4/121.05 x footprint18.4 degrees33.3%
5/121.08 x footprint22.6 degrees41.7%
6/121.12 x footprint26.6 degrees50%
7/121.16 x footprint30.3 degrees58.3%
8/121.2 x footprint33.7 degrees66.7%
9/121.25 x footprint36.9 degrees75%
10/121.3 x footprint39.8 degrees83.3%
12/121.41 x footprint45 degrees100%

What else matters here

A 2/12 pitch is 9.5 degrees, which is barely a slope at all. It is the absolute floor for asphalt shingles under the IRC, and only with a doubled underlayment application: below 2/12 shingles are not permitted at any price and the roof has to be a membrane.

Because the slope is so shallow, the multiplier is only 1.01, so the roof surface is barely larger than the footprint. What you save in material you pay for in detailing, since water moves slowly on a 2/12 and any lap that is short or any fastener that is high will find its way through.

Low slope is also where ice dams do their worst work in cold climates. Ice and water shield well up from the eave, and generous ventilation, matter more here than on any steep roof.

What this calculator assumes

  • Pitch is written as rise over a 12 inch run. A 6/12 roof climbs 6 inches for every 12 inches across.
  • The slope multiplier converts flat footprint area into real roof surface. It is the number that decides whether you order enough shingles.
  • Below 2/12, shingles are not rated. Below 4/12, most manufacturers require a double underlayment. Over 8/12 you are on roof jacks and the labor price changes.

Questions people ask

Can you put shingles on a 2/12 pitch?

Yes, but it is the minimum the IRC allows and it requires a doubled underlayment application. Below 2/12 asphalt shingles are not permitted and you need a low slope membrane instead.

What is 2/12 in degrees?

9.5 degrees, which is a 16.7 percent grade.

What is the slope multiplier for?

Multiply the flat footprint of the building by it to get the real surface area of the roof. A roof plan gives you the footprint, and the multiplier turns it into the area you actually have to cover.

Different numbers?

The roof pitch calculator takes any dimensions you like and hands back the same list.

Other common sizes