ContractorHandbook

9/12 Roof Pitch: Angle, Multiplier and What It Means

Angle

36.9 degrees

9 inches of rise for every 12 inches of run, over a 1,200 square foot footprint.

At 8/12 and above the crew needs roof jacks or staging, and the labor rate goes up with it.

angle12 in of runrise, inmultiplierroot of (rise squared + 144) / 12 = multipliersame number as a degree angle and as a percent grade
Pitch, angle, grade and slope multiplier are four ways of saying one thing, and a drawing is the fastest way to see that. Everything on the page comes out of the same triangle: 12 inches of run along the bottom, the rise up the side.

How that number is worked out

These are the figures this page was built with and every line the calculator produces from them. Change anything above and all of it moves.

  • Rise9 in per 12 in run
  • Footprint area, 0 to skip1200 sq ft

Slope multiplier1.25 x footprint

At 8/12 and above the crew needs roof jacks or staging, and the labor rate goes up with it.

Pitch9/12
Slope multiplier1.25 xmultiply footprint by this
Angle36.9 degrees
Grade75%
Rafter length per 12 ft of run15 ft
Roof surface for 1,200 sq ft footprint1,500 sq ft
That is15 squares

Pitch compared

The whole table, so you do not have to come back for the next one.

PitchSlope multiplierAngleGrade
2/121.01 x footprint9.5 degrees16.7%
3/121.03 x footprint14 degrees25%
4/121.05 x footprint18.4 degrees33.3%
5/121.08 x footprint22.6 degrees41.7%
6/121.12 x footprint26.6 degrees50%
7/121.16 x footprint30.3 degrees58.3%
8/121.2 x footprint33.7 degrees66.7%
9/121.25 x footprint36.9 degrees75%
10/121.3 x footprint39.8 degrees83.3%
12/121.41 x footprint45 degrees100%

What else matters here

A 9/12 pitch is 36.9 degrees and a 75 percent grade. The multiplier is exactly 1.25, so the roof surface is a quarter larger than the flat footprint: 1,200 square feet on the plan, 1,500 square feet on the roof, a clean 15 squares.

At this angle the work changes character. Everything gets carried up rather than slid, bundles have to be broken and placed rather than stacked, and the tear off has to be controlled so nothing rides the slope into a window or a customer's car.

Steep roofs like this are common on Tudor, Victorian and story and a half houses, and often carry more valley and dormer work than a shallow roof does. Count those separately: valleys, hips and dormer returns are where a steep roof estimate actually goes wrong, not the field.

What this calculator assumes

  • Pitch is written as rise over a 12 inch run. A 6/12 roof climbs 6 inches for every 12 inches across.
  • The slope multiplier converts flat footprint area into real roof surface. It is the number that decides whether you order enough shingles.
  • Below 2/12, shingles are not rated. Below 4/12, most manufacturers require a double underlayment. Over 8/12 you are on roof jacks and the labor price changes.

Questions people ask

What is 9/12 in degrees?

36.9 degrees, which is a 75 percent grade.

How much bigger is a 9/12 roof than its footprint?

Exactly 25 percent, since the slope multiplier at 9/12 is 1.25.

What is the slope multiplier for?

Multiply the flat footprint of the building by it to get the real surface area of the roof. A roof plan gives you the footprint, and the multiplier turns it into the area you actually have to cover.

Different numbers?

The roof pitch calculator takes any dimensions you like and hands back the same list.

Other common sizes