ContractorHandbook

How Many Shingles for a 16x20 Garage Roof?

Roofing squares needed

3.7 squares

A 16 by 20 foot garage at a 4/12 pitch with ten percent waste.

It does not stop at a number.

When the figures look right, the roofing material list downloads as a real PDF with your business details on it, built inside your own browser. Nothing you type is uploaded anywhere.

12 in of runrise, inrafter linefootprintroof surfacefootprint x slope multiplier / 100 = squares
A roof is always bigger than the house under it, and how much bigger is right angle geometry rather than an allowance. Square the rise, add 144, take the root, divide by 12, and that multiplier turns a footprint into real surface area before any waste is added.

How that number is worked out

These are the figures this page was built with and every line the calculator produces from them. Change anything above and all of it moves.

  • Building length16 ft
  • Building width20 ft
  • Roof pitch, rise per 12 in4 /12
  • Waste allowance10 %
  • Ridge length, 0 if unknown20 ft

Roofing squares needed3.7 squares

Footprint area320 sq ft
Slope multiplier at 4/121.05 x
Actual roof surface337 sq ft
Squares before waste3.4
Squares with 10% waste3.7order to this number

The material list this produces

Shingles, bundles (3 per square)12
Synthetic underlayment, rolls (10 sq each)1
Starter strip, linear ft84
Ridge cap, linear ft20
Drip edge, linear ft72
Roofing nails, lb8

Roof pitch compared

Pitch is the number most people guess at, and it is worth more shingles than any other input. Same house, five pitches.

Roof pitchRoofing squares needed
4/123.7 squares
6/123.9 squares
8/124.2 squares
10/124.6 squares
12/125 squares

What else matters here

Three hundred and twenty square feet of footprint at 4/12 is 337 square feet of roof, 3.7 squares with waste, twelve bundles.

If this garage is attached, or has any wall rising out of the roof plane, the leak will start at that wall and not in the field of the shingles. The detail that stops it is step flashing: a separate L shaped piece of metal woven in with every single course of shingles, one per course, each lapping the one below.

Nothing else does that job. A continuous strip of flashing bent into the corner will leak, and a bead of caulk in the corner is not a flashing detail, it is a two year repair. Above the step flashing goes counter flashing, either let into a masonry joint or tucked under the siding and housewrap, so water coming down the wall lands on top of the metal rather than behind it.

What this calculator assumes

  • Footprint times the slope multiplier gives the actual roof surface. A 6/12 roof is 11.8 percent larger than the ground it covers, which is the number most people forget.
  • Three bundles per square is standard for both three tab and architectural shingles. Check your brand, a few premium lines run four.
  • Synthetic underlayment is figured at 10 squares per roll, starter and ridge cap at one linear foot per foot.

Questions people ask

How many bundles of shingles for a 16x20 garage?

About 12 bundles at a 4/12 pitch with ten percent waste, which is 3.7 squares.

What is step flashing?

Individual L shaped pieces of metal woven in one per shingle course where a roof meets a wall, each lapping the one below. It is the only correct way to flash that joint.

Can I use caulk where the roof meets a wall?

No. Caulk is a sealant, not a flashing, and it fails within a few years. The joint needs step flashing with counter flashing over it.

Different numbers?

The roofing calculator takes any dimensions you like and hands back the same list.

Other common sizes